INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Intellectual Property & Scientific Validation
Patents
2 patent applications filed covering the proprietary AWR powder formulation and the aluminum–water reactor system design.
Under ReviewPeer-Reviewed Publication
Akbar, D. & Ünal, D. (2025). On-demand hydrogen production and storage via the aluminum–water reaction: a strategic evaluation. Chemical Papers, Springer Nature. DOI 10.1007/s11696-025-04238-7
Published: July 30, 2025
Peer-Reviewed Publication
Akbar, D., Ünal, D. (2026). Hydrogen production for decentralized applications: A semi-systematic comparative review of water electrolysis and aluminum–water thermochemical systems. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 249, 156051. DOI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.156051
Peer-reviewed comparative review positioning aluminum–water hydrogen alongside electrolysis for decentralized supply (TRL 3–5 classification, hybrid LCOH bands).
Published: July 2026 · Elsevier
Key Findings
- 96% of theoretical hydrogen yield (896 L from 600 g aluminum)
- Volumetric capacity: 47.3 g-H₂/L (vs. compressed gas at 700 bar: 25 g-H₂/L)
- Gravimetric capacity: 3.35 wt.%
- Byproduct recyclability: 92% via Bayer process
- Reproducibility: ±2.3% std. deviation across 5 independent trials